This course provides a comprehensive understanding of two significant natural phenomena: lightning and earthquakes. It covers their causes, effects, safety precautions, and answers to NCERT and additional questions.

Introduction to natural phenomena: lightning and earthquakes. Causes and types of lightning. Safety measures during lightning and thunderstorms. Earthquakes: causes, consequences, and safety precautions. NCERT questions and answers.

Understand the science behind natural phenomena like lightning and earthquakes. Learn effective safety measures to protect life and property. Gain clarity on NCERT concepts with in-depth explanations and examples. Develop critical thinking with experiments and practical scenarios.

Module 1: Lightning Definition and Causes: Lightning as an electric spark on a large scale. Accumulation of charges in clouds. Types of Lightning: Intra-cloud lightning. Cloud-to-cloud lightning. Cloud-to-ground lightning. Charge Interaction: Positive and negative charges. Experiments to prove like charges repel and unlike charges attract. Safety Measures: Indoor safety during lightning. Outdoor safety during thunderstorms. Lightning conductors: purpose and function. Module 2: Earthquakes Definition and Causes: Movement of tectonic plates. Other causes: volcanic eruptions, nuclear explosions, meteorite impacts. Consequences of Earthquakes: Damage to life and property. Floods, landslides, and tsunamis. Measurement: Richter scale: explanation and significance. Seismographs: recording seismic waves. Safety Precautions: Indoor and outdoor measures during earthquakes. Earthquake-resistant building designs. Seismic Zones: Fault zones in India. Vulnerable regions. Module 3: Recap and NCERT Q&A Lightning Recap: Static charges, electroscope, and earthing. Lightning and thunderstorm safety. Earthquake Recap: Seismic zones, focus, and epicenter. Richter scale and seismographs. NCERT Questions: True/False, multiple-choice, and descriptive questions with explanations. Safety measures, causes, and effects of lightning and earthquakes. Additional Questions: Practical examples and real-life applications.

Class 8 Science NCERT textbook. Interest in understanding natural phenomena. Curiosity to explore scientific concepts with real-life applications.